Identification and expression analyses of WRKY genes reveal their involvement in growth and abiotic stress response in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Despite identification of WRKY family genes in numerous plant species, a little is known about WRKY genes in watermelon, one of the most economically important fruit crops around the world. Here, we identified a total of 63 putative WRKY genes in watermelon and classified them into three major groups (I-III) and five subgroups (lla-lle) in group II. The structure analysis indicated that CIWRKYs with different WRKY domains or motifs may play different roles by regulating respective target genes. The expressions of CIWRKYs in different tissues indicate that they are involved in various tissue growth and development. Furthermore, the diverse responses of CIWRKYs to drought, salt, or cold stress suggest that they positively or negatively affect plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. In addition, the altered expression patterns of CIWRKYs in response to phytohormones such as, ABA, SA, MeJA, and ETH, imply the occurrence of complex cross-talks between CIWRKYs and plant hormone signals in regulating plant physiological and biological processes. Taken together, our findings provide valuable clues to further explore the function and regulatory mechanisms of CIWRKY genes in watermelon growth, development, and adaption to environmental stresses.