期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 120, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.023901
关键词
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资金
- project Single-Shot X-Ray Emission-Spectroscopy experiments - Italian Ministry for Education and Research
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a Department of Energy Energy Innovation Hub through Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technology Office BRIDGE program
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL
- ARL
- ARO
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
- U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-13-1-0483, W911NF-17-1-0163]
- National Science Foundation [DGE 1106400]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
Nonlinear optical processes at soft x-ray wavelengths have remained largely unexplored due to the lack of available light sources with the requisite intensity and coherence. Here we report the observation of soft x-ray second harmonic generation near the carbon K edge (similar to 284 eV) in graphite thin films generated by high intensity, coherent soft x-ray pulses at the FERMI free electron laser. Our experimental results and accompanying first-principles theoretical analysis highlight the effect of resonant enhancement above the carbon K edge and show the technique to be interfacially sensitive in a centrosymmetric sample with second harmonic intensity arising primarily from the first atomic layer at the open surface. This technique and the associated theoretical framework demonstrate the ability to selectively probe interfaces, including those that are buried, with elemental specificity, providing a new tool for a range of scientific problems.
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