期刊
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
卷 499, 期 -, 页码 362-375出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2018.02.070
关键词
Wealth and income distributions; Kinetic models; Boltzmann equation
资金
- MIUR (Ministry of Education, University and Research of Italy) project Optimal mass transportation, geometrical and functional inequalities with applications
In this paper we introduce a system of kinetic equations describing an exchange market consisting of two populations of agents (dealers and speculators) expressing the same preferences for two goods, but applying different strategies in their exchanges. Similarly to the model proposed in Toscani et al. (2013), we describe the trading of the goods by means of some fundamental rules in price theory, in particular by using Cobb-Douglas utility functions for the exchange. The strategy of the speculators is to recover maximal utility from the trade by suitably acting on the percentage of goods which are exchanged. This microscopic description leads to a system of linear Boltzmann-type equations for the probability distributions of the goods on the two populations, in which the post-interaction variables depend from the pre-interaction ones in terms of the mean quantities of the goods present in the market. In this case, it is shown analytically that the strategy of the speculators can drive the price of the two goods towards a zone in which there is a branded utility for their group. Also, according to Toscani et al. (2013), the general system of nonlinear kinetic equations of Boltzmann type for the probability distributions of the goods on the two populations is described in details. Numerical experiments then show how the policy of speculators can modify the final price of goods in this nonlinear setting. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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