Mechanism of N6-methyladenosine modification and its emerging role in cancer

N-6-methyladenosine (m(6)A), the most prevalent internal methylation in messenger RNA (mRNA) that is deposited by m(6)A methyltransferases, removed by m(6)A demethylases and recognized by different RNA binding proteins, distinguishes the transcripts through multilayer interactions with mRNA processing, export, degradation and translation machineries. m(6)A plays an important role in regulation of gene expression for fundamental cellular processes and diverse physiological functions. Aberrant m(6)A decorations lead to cancer but also have the potential to yield new therapies. This review outlines the evolution of the m(6)A field, formation of key concepts, important open questions and also discusses the molecular basis of mRNA m(6)A modification and its effect in cancer, highlighting the potential of demethylase as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.