Provisioning of ad-supported cloud services: The role of competition

Motivated by cloud services, we consider the interplay of network effects, congestion, and competition in ad-supported services. We study the strategic interactions between competing service providers and a user base, modeling congestion sensitivity and two forms of positive network effects: network effects that are either firm-specific or industry-wide. Our analysis reveals that users are generally no better off due to the competition in a marketplace of ad-supported services. Further, our analysis highlights an important contrast between firm-specific and industry-wide network effects: Firms can coexist in a marketplace with industry-wide network effects, but near-monopolies tend to emerge in marketplaces with firm-specific network effects. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.