Nam Lot (MIS 5) and Duoi U'Oi (MIS 4) Southeast Asian sites revisited: Zooarchaeological and isotopic evidences

The Nam Lot site in Laos and the hominin-bearing Duoi U'Oi site in Vietnam are dated to MIS 5 (86-72 ka) and MIS 4 (70-60 ka), respectively. Located in the same latitudinal belt similar to 20 degrees N in the north of the Indochinese area, the faunal assemblages recovered from breccia deposits in a karstic context have the potential to provide information on the palaeoenvironmental conditions faced by earliest modem humans when they entered the Southeast Asian mainland. Here, zooarchaeological evidence of faunas are reviewed combined with a new stable isotope analysis (delta C-13 and delta O-18) of tooth enamel of mammals from Nam Lot (86-72 ka), to explore environmental conditions during MIS 5-4 periods. In both sites, large predators (hyena, tiger, leopard, and dhole) had access to a great diversity of prey among mammals. The Nam Lot isotopic results indicate during MIS 5 a complexity in the forest habitats with closed low light tropical rainforest, intermediate rainforest, and C-3-C-4 open woodland/savanna'. This woodland ecosystem notably the intermediate rainforest carried most of the ungulate biomass, with a variety of small to large-bodied ground-dwelling animals.