期刊
OPTICS EXPRESS
卷 26, 期 4, 页码 3814-3827出版社
Optica Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1364/OE.26.003814
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资金
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/J017671/1, EP/P021859/1]
- Royal Society
- Wolfson Foundation [WM110032, WM150029]
- UK Centre for Earth Observation Instrumentation [RP10G0435A03]
- European Space Agency [4000114487/15/NL/AF]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/P021859/1, EP/J002356/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/P021859/1, EP/J002356/1, EP/J017671/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) based on ridge waveguides incorporating silver waveguide layers have been investigated theoretically and experimentally, and compared with traditional gold-based devices. The threshold gain associated with silver-, gold-and copper-based devices, and the effects of titanium adhesion layers and top contact layers, in both surface-plasmon and double-metal waveguide geometries, have been analysed. Our simulations show that silver-based waveguides yield lower losses for THz QCLs across all practical operating temperatures and frequencies. Experimentally, QCLs with silver-based surface-plasmon waveguides were found to exhibit higher operating temperatures and higher output powers compared to those with identical but gold-based waveguides. Specifically, for a three-well resonant phonon active region with a scaled oscillator strength of 0.43 and doping density of 6 : 83 x 10(15) cm(-3), an increase of 5 K in the maximum operating temperature and 40% increase in the output power were demonstrated. These effects were found to be dependent on the active region design, and greater improvements were observed for QCLs with a larger radiative diagonality. Our results indicate that silver-based waveguide structures could potentially enable THz QCLs to operate at high temperatures. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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