Predicting school achievement: The role of inductive reasoning, sleep length and morningness-eveningness

Adolescents move move to evening orientation just when school schedule becomes earlier. Whereas school achievement has been associated to morningness orientation during morning school schedule, some studies have indicated that evening people are more intelligent. In this study the relative contribution of Morningness-Eveningness (M-E) in the prediction of school achievement, after controlling for age, sex/gender, inductive reasoning and sleep length was analyzed. Participants were 887 adolescents (aged 12-16). School achievement was evaluated using Grade Point Average (GPA), inductive reasoning was evaluated by reasoning subtest of Primary Mental Abilities (PMA-R), sleep length was calculated from rise time and bedtime questions, and M-E was evaluated by Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC). Evening adolescents scored higher on PMA-R and obtained lower GPA. Inductive reasoning, age, sex/gender, sleep length and M-E accounted for 19% variance percentage on GPA. M-E was a significant predictor of school achievement even after controlling for traditional predictors, albeit slightly. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.