期刊
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
卷 20, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/aa9cd6
关键词
quantum information; nonequilibrium work; decoherence; ion trap; quantum Jarzynski equality; shortcuts to adiabaticity; master equation
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0301900, 2016YFA0301901]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374178, 11574002, 11504197]
- United States National Science foundation [DMR-1506969]
- National Science Foundation of China [11375012, 11534002]
Although nonequilibrium work and fluctuation relations have been studied in detail within classical statistical physics, extending these results to open quantum systems has proven to be conceptually difficult. For systems that undergo decoherence but not dissipation, we argue that it is natural to define quantum work exactly as for isolated quantum systems, using the two-point measurement protocol. Complementing previous theoretical analysis using quantum channels, we show that the nonequilibrium work relation remains valid in this situation, and we test this assertion experimentally using a system engineered from a trapped ion, adding external noise to produce the effects of decoherence. Our experimental results reveal the work relation's validity over a variety of driving speeds, decoherence rates, and effective temperatures and represent the first confirmation of the work relation for evolution described by a non-unitary master equation.
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