期刊
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
卷 44, 期 1, 页码 71-85出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0111-z
关键词
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资金
- Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research [R01MH107703, R01MH113550]
- NIMH [R01MH107703, R01MH113550]
- Lifespan Brain Institute at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine
- NARSAD Young Investigator Award
- Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) grant [K12 HD085848]
- Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health grant at the University of Pennsylvania
- Intramural Research Program of the NIMH (NIH) [ZIA MH002794, 89-M-0006]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIMH
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH107703, ZIAMH002949, R01MH113550] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge. Many of these illnesses have substantial sex differences in prevalence, suggesting that sex differences in brain development may underlie differential risk for psychiatric symptoms between males and females. Substantial evidence documents sex differences in brain structure and function in adults, and accumulating data suggests that these sex differences may be present or emerge during development. Here we review the evidence for sex differences in brain structure, white matter organization, and perfusion during development. We then use these normative differences as a framework to understand sex differences in brain development associated with psychopathology. In particular, we focus on sex differences in the brain as they relate to anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. Finally, we highlight existing limitations, gaps in knowledge, and fertile avenues for future research.
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