Alfven wave dissipation in the solar chromosphere

Magnetohydrodynamic Alfven waves(1) have been a focus of laboratory plasma physics(2) and astrophysics(3) for over half a century. Their unique nature makes them ideal energy transporters, and while the solar atmosphere provides preferential conditions for their existence(4), direct detection has proved difficult as a result of their evolving and dynamic observational signatures. The viability of Alfven waves as a heating mechanism relies upon the efficient dissipation and thermalization of the wave energy, with direct evidence remaining elusive until now. Here we provide the first observational evidence of Alfven waves heating chromospheric plasma in a sunspot umbra through the formation of shock fronts. The magnetic field configuration of the shock environment, alongside the tangential velocity signatures, distinguish them from conventional umbral flashes(5). Observed local temperature enhancements of 5% are consistent with the dissipation of mode-converted Alfven waves driven by upwardly propagating magneto-acoustic oscillations, providing an unprecedented insight into the behaviour of Alfven waves in the solar atmosphere and beyond.