期刊
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
卷 20, 期 5, 页码 575-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0091-6
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资金
- NIH New Innovator Award
- Pew Scholars Program in the Biomedical Sciences
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- American Heart Association [17PRE33660328]
- NIH [1F32GM119195-01]
How microtubules (MTs) are generated in the cell is a major question in understanding how the cytoskeleton is assembled. For several decades, gamma-tubulin has been accepted as the universal MT nucleator of the cell. Although there is evidence that gamma-tubulin complexes are not the sole MT nucleators, identification of other nucleation factors has proven difficult. Here, we report that the well-characterized MT polymerase XMAP215 (chTOG/Msps/Stu2p/Alp14/Dis1 homologue) is essential for MT nucleation in Xenopus egg extracts. The concentration of XMAP215 determines the extent of MT nucleation. Even though XMAP215 and the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC) possess minimal nucleation activity individually, together, these factors synergistically stimulate MT nucleation in vitro. The amino-terminal TOG domains 1-5 of XMAP215 bind to alpha beta-tubulin and promote MT polymerization, whereas the conserved carboxy terminus is required for efficient MT nucleation and directly binds to gamma-tubulin. In summary, XMAP215 and gamma-TuRC together function as the principal nucleation module that generates MTs in cells.
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