期刊
NATURE
卷 557, 期 7706, 页码 530-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0136-9
关键词
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资金
- DOE-BES [DE-SC0018426, DE-SC0018218]
- AFOSR [FA9550-15-1-0478]
- ONR [N00014-15-1-2671, N00014-13-1-0662]
- ARO [W911nf-17-1-0543]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4533]
Plasmon polaritons are hybrid excitations of light and mobile electrons that can confine the energy of long-wavelength radiation at the nanoscale. Plasmon polaritons may enable many enigmatic quantum effects, including lasing(1), topological protection(2,3) and dipole-forbidden absorption(4). A necessary condition for realizing such phenomena is a long plasmonic lifetime, which is notoriously difficult to achieve for highly confined modes(5). Plasmon polaritons in graphene-hybrids of Dirac quasiparticles and infrared photons-provide a platform for exploring light-matter interaction at the nanoscale(6,7). However, plasmonic dissipation in graphene is substantial(8) and its fundamental limits remain undetermined. Here we use nanometre-scale infrared imaging to investigate propagating plasmon polaritons in high-mobility encapsulated graphene at cryogenic temperatures. In this regime, the propagation of plasmon polaritons is primarily restricted by the dielectric losses of the encapsulated layers, with a minor contribution from electron-phonon interactions. At liquid-nitrogen temperatures, the intrinsic plasmonic propagation length can exceed 10 micrometres, or 50 plasmonic wavelengths, thus setting a record for highly confined and tunable polariton modes. Our nanoscale imaging results reveal the physics of plasmonic dissipation and will be instrumental in mitigating such losses in heterostructure engineering applications.
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