期刊
NANOSCALE
卷 10, 期 27, 页码 13028-13036出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02824a
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资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61574117]
- Science and Technology Plans of Shenzhen City of China [JCYJ20170306141006600]
Utilizing high-energy beta particles emitted from radioisotopes for long-lifetime betavoltaic cells is a great challenge due to their low energy conversion efficiency (ECE). Here we report a betavoltaic cell fabricated using black titania nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTAs) by electrochemical anodization and Ar-annealing techniques. The obtained samples show enhanced electrical conductivity as well as Vis-NIR light absorption by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (OV) and Ti3+ defects in reduced TiO2-x NTAs. A 20 mCi(63) Ni source was assembled into TiO2 NTAs to form a sandwich-type betavoltaic cell. By I-V measurements, the Ar-annealed TiO2 NTAs at 650 degrees C exhibited a maximum ECE of 3.65% with V-oc = 1.13 V, J(sc) = 103.3 nA cm(-2), and P-max = 37 nW cm-2. In comparison with air-annealed TiO2 NTAs, the enhancement of the betavoltaic effect in reduced TiO2-x NTAs can be attributed to the suppression of e-h recombination induced by the generation of OV and Ti3+ defects, serving as electron donors as well as electron traps that not only contribute to the increase of electrical conductance, but also facilitate the charge carrier separation.
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