期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 478, 期 3, 页码 3072-3099出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty1284
关键词
galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
资金
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'
- DLR [50 OR 1205]
- Transregio program [TR33]
- National Science Foundation [PLR-1248097, AST-1138766]
- NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-1125897]
- Kavli Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF 947]
- U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. National Science Foundation
- Ministry of Science and Education of Spain
- Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
- Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Dark Energy Survey
- Argonne National Laboratory
- University of California at Santa Cruz
- University of Cambridge
- Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas
- Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid
- University of Chicago
- University College London
- DES-Brazil Consortium
- University of Edinburgh
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Institut de Cienciesde l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC)
- Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen
- Excellence Cluster Universe
- University of Michigan
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory
- University of Nottingham
- Ohio State University
- University of Pennsylvania
- University of Portsmouth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Stanford University
- University of Sussex
- Texas AM University
- OzDES Membership Consortium
- MINECO [AYA2012-39559, ESP2013-48274, FPA2013-47986]
- Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0234]
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)
- ERC [240672, 291329, 306478]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Planetary Science Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- JWST Mission office at the Space Telescope Science Institute
- ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme [179.A-2005]
- Directorate For Geosciences [1248097] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We estimate total mass (M-500), intracluster medium (ICM) mass (M-ICM), and stellar mass (M-star) in a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses M-500 greater than or similar to 2.5 x 10(14) M-circle dot and redshift 0.2 < z < 1.25 from the 2500 deg(2) South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses M-500 are estimated from the SZE observable, the ICM masses M-ICM are obtained from the analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, and the stellar masses M-star are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey griz optical photometry and WISE or Spitzer near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass, and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster halo mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past approximate to 9 Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low-density environment or field surrounding the parent haloes, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called 'missing baryons' outside cluster virial regions.
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