期刊
MOLECULAR PHYSICS
卷 116, 期 21-22, 页码 3114-3120出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1431406
关键词
Molecular dynamics; polarization; finite electric fields; extended Lagrangians
In the common Ewald summation technique for the evaluation of electrostatic forces, the average electric field E is strictly zero. Finite uniform E can be accounted for by adding it as a new degree of freedom in an extended Lagrangian. Representing the uniform polarization P as the time integral of the internal current and E as the time derivative of a uniform vector field A, we define such an extended Lagrangian coupling A to the total current j(t) (internal plus external) and hence derive a Hamiltonian resembling the minimal coupling Hamiltonian of electrodynamics. Next, applying a procedure borrowed from nonrelativistic molecular electrodynamics the j(t). A coupling is transformed to P D form where D is the electric displacement acting as an electrostatic boundary condition. The resulting Hamiltonian is identical to the constant-D Hamiltonian obtained by Stengel, Spaldin and Vanderbilt (SSV) using thermodynamic arguments. The corresponding SSV constant-E Hamiltonian is derived from an alternative extended Lagrangian. [GRAPHICS] .
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