Maresin 1 attenuates pro-inflammatory reactions and ER stress in HUVECs via PPAR alpha-mediated pathway

The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Maresin 1 (MAR1) on atherosclerotic response. Human monocytes THP-1 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effects of MAR1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we found that MAR1 induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) expression. We also demonstrated that MAR1 suppresses atherosclerotic reactions caused by LPS treatment via a PPAR alpha-dependent pathway. MAR1 treatment inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HUVECs and THP-1 cells. In HUVEC cells, expression of adhesion molecules and LPS-stimulated adhesion of THP-1 cells to the endothelium were significantly decreased after MAR1 treatment. Furthermore, LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis was significantly decreased after MAR1 treatment of HUVECs. MAR1 also led to a dose-dependent increase in oxygen-regulated protein 150 (ORP150) expression which is responsible for the inhibition of ER stress. Notably, all of the pro-atherosclerotic effects were completely abrogated by treatment with small interfering (si) RNA targeting PPAR alpha. In conclusion, MAR1 ameliorates LPS-induced atherosclerotic reactions via PPAR alpha-mediated suppression of inflammation and ER stress.