UPRmt coordinates immunity to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and animal fitness

Proper function of mitochondria is often challenged by intrinsic factors and extrinsic stimuli. To cope with mitochondrial stress, organisms evolve mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to monitor mitochondrial function and induce the transcription of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases to restore mitochondrial proteostasis and alleviate stress. Interestingly, UPRmt also induces immune response genes and improves animals' fitness against pathogen infection. In this review, we will summarize progresses of UPRmt studies and discuss the relationship between UPRmt and the induction of innate immunity.