Hyperspectral imaging for monitoring of perfusion failure upon microvascular anastomosis in the rat hind limb

Background/purpose: Objective, reliable and easy monitoring of microvascular tissue perfusion is a goal that was achieved for many years with limited success. Therefore, a new non-invasive hyperspectral camera system (TIVITA (TM)) was tested for this purpose in an in vivo animal model. Methods: Evaluation of tissue oxygenation during ischemia and upon reperfusion was performed in left hind limb in a rat model (n = 20). Ischemia was induced by clamping and dissection of the superficial femoral artery. Reperfusion of the limb was achieved by microsurgical anastomosis of the dissected artery. Oxygenation parameters of the hind limb were assessed via TIVITA (TM) before and immediately after clamping and dissection of the artery, 3 and 30 min after reperfusion as well as on postoperative days 1 and 2. Thereby, the non-operated hind limb served as control. As clinical parameters, the refill of the anastomosis as well as the progress of the affected leg were assessed. Results: In 12 from 20 cases, TIVITA (TM) recorded a sufficient reperfusion with oxygenation parameters comparable to baseline or control condition. However, in 8 from 20 cases oxygenation was found impaired after re perfusion causing a re-assessment of the microvascular anastomosis. Thereby, technical problems like stenosis or local thrombosis were found in all cases and were surgically treated leading to an increased tissue oxygenation. Conclusions: The TIVITA (TM) camera system is a valid non-invasive tool to assess tissue perfusion after micro vascular anastomosis. As it safely shows problems in oxygenation, it allows the clinician a determined revision of the site in time in order to prevent prolonged ischemia.