The pivotal role of angiogenesis in a multi-scale modeling of tumor growth exhibiting the avascular and vascular phases

The mechanisms involved in tumor growth mainly occur at the microenvironment, where the interactions between the intracellular, intercellular and extracellular scales mediate the dynamics of tumor. In this work, we present a multi-scale model of solid tumor dynamics to simulate the avascular and vascular growth as well as tumor-induced angiogenesis. The extracellular and intercellular scales are modeled using partial differential equations and cellular Potts model, respectively. Also, few biochemical and biophysical rules control the dynamics of intracellular level. On the other hand, the growth of melanoma tumors is modeled in an animal in-vivo study to evaluate the simulation. The simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces a completed image of processes involved in tumor growth such as avascular and vascular growth as well as angiogenesis. The model incorporates the phenotypes of cancerous cells including proliferating, quiescent and necrotic cells, as well as endothelial cells during angiogenesis. The results clearly demonstrate the pivotal effect of angiogenesis on the progression of cancerous cells. Also, the model exhibits important events in tumor-induced angiogenesis like anastomosis. Moreover, the computational trend of tumor growth closely follows the observations in the experimental study.