Characterization of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum as a new disease on Lettuce in Malaysia

Malaysia produces many varieties of vegetables. The Cameron Highland in the state of Pahang is the main area for lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. romana) production. A survey recently identified Pectobacterium spp. was responsible for more than 15 % damage to lettuce both in the field (including greenhouses) and storage. Isolates of Pectobacterium carotovorum were collected from different greenhouses and fields and analysed in the laboratory during 2010. Nine isolates were purified and charcterised by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. Pathogenicity studies on lettuce using 4 strains showed there was a high susceptibility to the P. carotovorum. PCR amplification with Y-1 and Y-2 primers (specific for P. carotovorum subspecies) produced the expected band of 434 bp. PCR amplification of the intergenic transcribed spacer region (ITS) using G(1) and L-1 primers also resulted in the expected two bands (535 and 580 bp). Based on these biochemical and physiological characteristics, PCR based pel gene, characterisation of the ITS region and digestion of the ITS-PCR products with RsaI restriction enzyme, all isolates were identified as P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This is the first record of the bacterial pathogen causing disease on lettuce in Malaysia.