Decoration of 1-D nano bioactive glass on reduced graphene oxide sheets: Strategies and in vitro bioactivity studies

45S5 Bioglass (R) is the most widely studied class of bioceramic in the field of dental and orthopedics. The present study highlights, one-dimensional bioactive glass nanorods (BGNR) of 45S5 composition synthesized by tuning the parameters of sol-gel process and hybridized with two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide sheets (rGO). BGNR was integrated with rGO by three different methods to form nano hybrids of rGO/BGNR. The prepared BGNR revealed combeite high mineral phase (Na5.27Ca3Si6O18) whereas nano hybrids exhibited calcite mineral phase (CaCO3) along with combeite in XRD analysis. The morphology, size of BGNR and integration of BGNR with rGO were analyzed using SEM. Nano hybrids were subjected to biological characterizations to identify the bio-activity (mineralization), antibacterial efficacy, hemocompatibility and cell proliferation efficacies. These studies conclude that the one-dimensional BGNR, micron-sized reduced graphene oxide sheet and the calcite phase in nano hybrids play a crucial role in enhancing the bioactivity, antibacterial activity, hemocompatibility and cell proliferation. These findings suggest the synergistic effect of rGO/BGNR nano hybrids will open new venue for biomaterials in the field of implant materials.