Left Ventricular Geometry and All-cause Mortality in Advanced Age

Background Abnormalities of cardiac structure and function are common in a wide range of populations including those with and without established clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study reports the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the four patterns of LV geometry and establishes clinical characteristics and five-year outcomes of each group in people of advanced age. Method A study conducted in general practices and Maori Health Services in three New Zealand North Island locations. One hundred participants had a full clinical echocardiogram performed and analysed in 2008 by one experienced cardiologist blinded to the participant's clinical history. Results Two-thirds of the participants had CVD. Thirty-two participants had echocardiographic LVH. Those with LVH had higher left atrial area [median (IQR) 26.4 cm(2) (10.9) vs. 22.0 cm(2) (7.0), p<0.01] and E/e' [median (IQR) 13 (6.8) vs. 10.8 (4.1), p = 0.01] than those without LVH. Of those with LVH, 10 demonstrated concentric hypertrophy (CH) and 22 eccentric hypertrophy (EH); 12 concentric remodelling (CR) and 40 normal geometry (NG). Both CR and EH were independently associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (p<0.01) and hospital admissions (p<0.05) than those with NG. Those with EH also had a higher risk of CVD events (p = 0.029). Conclusions Despite a high prevalence of CVD and hypertension in this sample, half had normal LV geometry. Concentric remodelling and eccentric hypertrophy were associated with higher mortality and adverse CVD outcomes in people of advanced age.