期刊
INFANT BEHAVIOR & DEVELOPMENT
卷 36, 期 4, 页码 776-785出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.11.009
关键词
Facial expression; Affect; Heart rate; Prenatal cocaine exposure; Still-face; Facial Action Coding System
资金
- NICHD NIH HHS [U10 HD021397, R01 HD047417, R01 HD 047417, U10HD 21397, T32 HD007109, R01 HD 057284, R01 HD057284] Funding Source: Medline
- Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1052736] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
In infants, eye constriction-the Duchenne marker-and mouth opening appear to index the intensity of both positive and negative facial expressions. We combined eye constriction and mouth opening that co-occurred with smiles and cry-faces (respectively, the prototypic expressions of infant joy and distress) to measure emotional expression intensity. Expression intensity and heart rate were measured throughout the face-to-face/still-face (FFSF) in a sample of infants with prenatal cocaine exposure who were at risk for developmental difficulties. Smiles declined and cry-faces increased in the still-face episode, but the distribution of eye constriction and mouth opening in smiles and cry-faces did not differ across episodes of the FFSF. As time elapsed in the still face episode potential indices of intensity increased, cry-faces were more likely to be accompanied by eye constriction and mouth opening. During cry-faces there were also moderately stable individual differences in the quantity of eye constriction and mouth opening. Infant heart rate was higher during cry-faces and lower during smiles, but did not vary with intensity of expression or by episode. In sum, infants express more intense negative affect as the still-face progresses, but do not show clear differences in expressive intensity between episodes of the FFSF. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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