期刊
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
卷 26, 期 9, 页码 3698-3709出版社
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10924-018-1248-x
关键词
Cellulose nanocrystal; Nanocellulose; Hydrochloric acid; Oil palm empty fruit bunch; Agricultural waste
资金
- Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program from the Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia through the Unggulan Scholarship
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully isolated by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonic homogenization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), which are a major form of agricultural waste in Southeast Asia. Currently sulfuric acid is mainly used in CNC preparation to achieve high dispersibility; however, we demonstrated that CNC suspensions prepared from OPEFB by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis remained stable without any sedimentation over 6 months. The obtained CNCs were fully characterized by elemental analysis, electron microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction measurement, and thermal analysis. The OPEFB-derived CNCs exhibited higher aspect ratios of 23-29 and higher thermal stability of 347-359 A degrees C as maximum degradation temperature, as compared with those of woody CNCs prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (15 and 311 A degrees C, respectively). Although as-prepared CNCs showed comparable morphological and physicochemical properties to those prepared from oil palm biomass by other methods including sulfuric acid hydrolysis, use of hydrochloric acid and ultrasonication for hydrolysis of OPEFB was effective to yield crystalline CNCs with long-term nanodispersibility showing clear birefringence. [GRAPHICS] .
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