Patch esophagoplasty using an in-body-tissue-engineered collagenous connective tissue membrane

Aim: Although many approaches to esophageal replacement have been investigated, these efforts have thus far only met limited success. In-body-tissue-engineered connective tissue tubes have been reported to be effective as vascular replacement grafts. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of an In-body-tissue-engineered collagenous connective tissue membrane, Biosheet, as a novel esophageal scaffold in a beagle model. Methods: We prepared Biosheets by embedding specially designed molds into subcutaneous pouches in beagles. After 12 months, the molds, which were filled with ingrown connective tissues, were harvested. Rectangular-shaped Biosheets (10 x 20 mm) were then implanted to replace defects of the same size that had been created in the cervical esophagus of the beagle. An endoscopic evaluation was performed at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The esophagus was harvested and subjected to a histological evaluation at 4 (n = 2) and 12 weeks (n = 2) after implantation. The animal study protocols were approved by the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Research Institute Committee (No. 16048). Results: The Biosheets showed sufficient strength and flexibility to replace the esophagus defect. All animals survived with full oral feeding during the study period. No anastomotic leakage was observed. An endoscopic study at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation revealed that the anastomotic sites and the internal surface of the Biosheets were smooth, without stenosis. A histological analysis at 4 weeks after implantation demonstrated that stratified squamous epithelium was regenerated on the internal surface of the Biosheets. A histological analysis at 12 weeks after implantation showed the regeneration of muscle tissue in the implanted Biosheets. Conclusion: The long-term results of patch esophagoplasty using Biosheets showed regeneration of stratified squamous epithelium and muscular tissues in the implanted sheets. These results suggest that Biosheets may be useful as a novel esophageal scaffold. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.