期刊
POSTEPY HIGIENY I MEDYCYNY DOSWIADCZALNEJ
卷 68, 期 -, 页码 238-246出版社
POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST IMMUNOL & EXP THERAPY
DOI: 10.5604/17322693.1093206
关键词
esophageal atresia; tracheo-esophageal fistula; congenital malformations
Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula are severe congenital malformations, whose etiology is still poorly understood. So far, numerous genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the occurrence of these defects have been described and the literature is dominated by the view of their common involvement in the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital esophageal atresia. In this review the authors present current knowledge on the embryogenesis of the esophagus and trachea, discuss environmental risk factors, and also list and describe genetic alterations identified so far in patients with congenital esophageal atresia.
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