期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
卷 319, 期 -, 页码 55-62出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.013
关键词
Chronic toxoplasmosis; PD-1/PD-L1 pathway; Brain leukocyte infiltration; Cyst burden; MAG1 antibody; CSF-filled compartments; CNS pathogen; Treatment
资金
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
Tissue cysts, the hallmark of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection, are predominantly located in the brain making clearance of the parasite difficult. Currently available anti-T. gondii drugs are ineffective on cysts and fail to prevent reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis. We examined whether abrogation of inhibitory signaling pathways that maintain T cells in an exhausted state can be exploited for treating T. gondii tissue cysts. By using a mouse model of chronic toxoplasmosis, we showed immune checkpoint blockade directed against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway results in a significant reduction in brain cyst number (77% lower). We showed leukocyte infiltration (CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11b + cells) in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and subependymal tissue, which are known routes of entry of immune cells into the brain, and in proximal brain parenchyma. Our study provides proof of concept for blockade of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a therapy for chronic toxoplasmosis and potentially for other brain pathogens.
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