期刊
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
卷 34, 期 -, 页码 218-226出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.008
关键词
Ecosystem services; Land use planning; Natural resource management; Human well-being; Sustainability; South Africa
资金
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida)
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- Branco Weiss Society in Science Fellowship
- WISER project - Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation program (ESPA) [NE/L001322/1]
- Department for International Development (DFID)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
- NERC [NE/L001322/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L001322/1] Funding Source: researchfish
We present an approach to identify and map social-ecological systems based on the direct use of ecosystem services by households. This approach builds on the premise that characteristic bundles of ecosystem service use represent integrated expressions of different underlying social-ecological systems. We test the approach in South Africa using national census data on the direct use of six provisioning services (freshwater from a natural source, firewood for cooking, firewood for heating, natural building materials, animal production, and crop production) at two different scales. Based on a cluster analysis, we identify three distinct ecosystem service bundles that represent social-ecological systems characterized by low, medium and high levels of direct ecosystem service use among households. We argue that these correspond to 'green-loop', 'transition' and 'red-loop' systems as defined by Cumming et al. (2014). When mapped, these systems form coherent spatial units that differ from systems identified by additive combinations of separate social and biophysical datasets, the most common method of mapping social-ecological systems to date. The distribution of the systems we identified is mainly determined by social factors, such as household income, gender of the household head, and land tenure, and only partly determined by the supply of natural resources. An understanding of the location and characteristic resource use dynamics of different social-ecological systems allows for policies to be better targeted at the particular sustainability challenges faced in different areas. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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