Luminescent molecules of main group elements: Recent advances on synthesis, properties and their application on fluorescent bioimaging (FBI)

The Environment-related parameters, including pH, oxygen level and viscosity play pivotal functions in controlling the physical, chemical and biological performance of local molecules. Irregular modification in these features would cause cellular malfunction can indicate the onset of severe diseases or become a hallmark of the incidence of severe diseases. Recently, luminescent molecules have drawn research interest from the field of fluorescent chemosensors, which have been designed to respond to such parameters and to map their variations in vitro/in vivo. In this review, we have screened a numerous literature of various responsive chemosensors related to fluorescent recognition of pH, oxygen level, and viscosity. The fluorescence-based bio-imaging (FBI) techniques play an important role in advancing the knowledge of cellular processes at the molecular level, both in vitro/in vivo and support medical biology and modern medicine. The mono-, dual and multi-stimuli responsive luminescent materials have the ability to detect changes in several clinically important factors like pH, oxygen level, and viscosity. In contrast, we have surveyed and summarized the literature regarding the use of fluores-cence- based materials to detect changes in pH, oxygen level and highlight the low-cost green synthetic method of organometallic complexes, properties, and applications of the main group luminescence-based materials in order to get high yield.