期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 341, 期 -, 页码 112-119出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.049
关键词
Acetaminophen; Disinfection byproducts; Haloacetonitriles; Haloacetamides; Trihalomethanes
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51578389, 51608372]
- National Major Science and Technology Project of China [2015ZX07406-004]
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation [PCRRE16009]
- Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou, China [20140028]
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural waters, which act as drinking water sources, raises concerns. Moreover, those compounds incompletely removed by treatment have the chance to form toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during subsequent disinfection. In this study, acetaminophen (Apap), commonly used to treat pain and fever, was selected as a model PPCP. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs, namely trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides, during chlor(am)ination of Apap was investigated. Yields of chloroform (CF), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dicholoacetamide (DCAcAm), and tricholoacetamide (TCAcAm), during chlorination were all higher than from chloramination. The yields of CF continuously increased over 48 h during both chlorination and chloramination. During chlorination, as the chlorine/Apap molar ratios increased from 1 to 20, CF yields increased from 0.33 +/- 0.02% to 2.52 +/- 0.15%, while the yields of DCAN, DCAcAm and TCAcAm all increased then decreased. In contrast, during chloramination, increased chloramine doses enhanced the formation of all DBPs. Acidic conditions favored nitrogenous DBP formation, regardless of chlorination or chioramination, whereas alkaline conditions enhanced CF formation. Two proposed formation mechanisms are presented. The analysed DBPs formed during chlorination were 2 orders of magnitude more genotoxic and cytotoxicity than those from chioramination. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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