Relaxant effect of Lippia origanoides essential oil in guinea-pig trachea smooth muscle involves potassium channels and soluble guanylyl cyclase

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Lippia origanoides H.B.K. is an aromatic species used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases, including asthma. Aim of the study: The aim of this work was to evaluate the relaxing potential and mechanism of action of the L. origanoides (LOO) essential oil in isolated guinea-pig trachea. Materials and methods: Leaves from L. origanoides were collected at experimental fields under organic cultivation, at the Forest Garden of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS and the volatile constituents were identified. Spasmolytic activity and relaxant mechanism of LOO were assayed in isolated guinea-pig trachea contracted with histamine, carbachol or hyperpolarizing KCI. Results: Chemical analysis revealed the presence of carvacrol (53.89%) as major constituent. LOO relaxed isolated guinea-pig trachea pre-contracted with KCI 60 mM [EC50 = 30.02 mu g/mL], histamine 1 mu M [EC50 = 9.28 mu g/mL or carbachol 1 mu M [EC50 = 51.80 mu g/mL]. The pre-incubation of glibenclamide, CsCI, propranolol, indomethacin, hexamethonium, aminophylline or L-NAME in histamine -induced contractions did not alter significantly the relaxant effect of LOO. However, the presence of 4-aminopyridine, tetraethylammonium or methylene blue reduced LOO effect, while the presence of dexamethasone or atropine potentialized the LOO relaxant effect. LOO pre-incubation inhibited carbachol-evoked contractions, with this effect potentialized in the presence of sodium nitroprusside and blocked in the presence of ODQ. Conclusions: The relaxant mechanism of LOO on the tracheal smooth muscle possibly involves stimulating of soluble guanylyl cyclase with consequent activation of the voltage-gated and Ca2+ activated K+ channels.