期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 42, 期 11, 页码 4573-4580出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063783
关键词
dichloromethane; VSLS; ozone; stratosphere; Montreal Protocol; phosgene
资金
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/J02449X/1, NE/J022780/1]
- NASA (USA)
- DECC (UK)
- NOAA (USA)
- CSIRO (Australia)
- BoM (Australia)
- Empa (Switzerland)
- NILU (Norway)
- NERC [nceo020002, NE/J022780/1, NE/J02449X/1, NE/I022663/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I022663/1, NE/J02449X/1, ncas10009, NE/J022780/1, nceo020002] Funding Source: researchfish
We have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short-lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 mml:msubsup mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for approximate to 83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS-derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric increased by approximate to 52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7pptCl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH(2)Cl(2)the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
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