Fabrication of nickel coated graphene oxide composite electrode for sensitive determination of Rutin

Nickel nanoparticles incorporated with graphene oxide composite-glassy carbon electrode (Ni-GO/GCE) was constructed via a facile electrochemical method for sensitive and selective determination of rutin. The surface morphology, surface chemistry and conductance of the prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behaviour of rutin on the Ni-GO/GCE was investigated by using of cyclic voltammetry technique. The composite electrode was also used for the detection of rutin with square wave voltammetry. The results indicated that under optimized conditions, the anodic peak current (I-pa) of rutin was found to be proportional to its concentration over two linear ranges 1.1 x 10(-8)-1.0 x 10(-6) mol L-1 and 2.2 x 10(-6)-1.5 x 10(-5) mol L-1, and a low detection limit of 3.2 x 10(-9) mol L-1 was observed with the developed electrode. Interference studies were also performed in the presence of inorganic and organic compounds. Moreover, the Ni-GO/GCE was successfully applied for the determination of rutin in pharmaceutical formulations and remarkable sensitivity with acceptable recoveries were obtained.