期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 42, 期 18, 页码 7705-7713出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065003
关键词
glacial melt; noble gases; tracers; meltwater; Greenland; fjord
资金
- WHOI's Ocean and Climate Change Institute
- Doherty Postdoctoral Scholarship
- Advanced Climate Dynamics Summer School (SiU grant) [NNA-2012/10151]
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1434041] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We present the first noble gas observations in a proglacial fjord in Greenland, providing an unprecedented view of surface and submarine melt pathways into the ocean. Using Optimum Multiparameter Analysis, noble gas concentrations remove large uncertainties inherent in previous studies of meltwater in Greenland fjords. We find glacially modified waters with submarine melt concentrations up to 0.66 0.09% and runoff 3.9 0.29%. Radiogenic enrichment of Helium enables identification of ice sheet near-bed melt (0.48 0.08%). We identify distinct regions of meltwater export reflecting heterogeneous melt processes: a surface layer of both runoff and submarine melt and an intermediate layer composed primarily of submarine melt. Intermediate ocean waters carry the majority of heat to the fjords' glaciers, and warmer deep waters are isolated from the ice edge. The average entrainment ratio implies that ocean water masses are upwelled at a rate 30 times the combined glacial meltwater volume flux.
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