Rho GTPases are involved in S1P-enhanced glomerular endothelial cells activation with anti-myeloperoxidase antibody positive IgG

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a crucial regulator in vascular inflammation. Our recent study found that under pathophysiological concentration in active anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), S1P participated in MPO-ANCA-positive IgG-induced glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) activation via a S1P receptor (S1PR)-dependent way. However, the downstream signalling pathways are not fully clear yet. In this study, we demonstrated that Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) signalling pathways, RhoA and Rac1 in particular, were implicated in MPO-ANCA-positive IgG-mediated GEnCs activation enhanced by pathophysiological concentration of S1P in AAV. These results provide mechanistic insights into vascular barrier dysfunction in AAV, which may facilitate the development of effective therapies.