期刊
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
卷 45, 期 8, 页码 1846-1858出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13367
关键词
biogeography; module composition; ornithophily; phylogeny; pollination; range size; species roles; traits
资金
- CAPES/FUNDECT PAPOS [23/200.638/2014]
- Fundacao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
- Fundacao O Boticario de Protecao a Natureza
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [BEX 4556/13-5]
- European Research Council [ERC-2012-StG-310886-HISTFUNC]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [309453/2013-5, 311001/2012-2, 445405/2014-7]
- Fundacao de Amparoa Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
- Villum Fonden
- Nature Conservancy
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31522012]
- Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia
- Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, a Pesquisa e Extensao, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
- Fundacao de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [2015/21457-4]
- Division of Environmental Biology [0543556, 0724679]
- Michelin Brasil
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0543556] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0543556] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
AimWe examined the effects of space, climate, phylogeny and species traits on module composition in a cross-biomes plant-hummingbird network. LocationBrazil, except Amazonian region. MethodsWe compiled 31 local binary plant-hummingbird networks, combining them into one cross-biomes metanetwork. We conducted a modularity analysis and tested the relationship between species' module membership with traits, geographical location, climatic conditions and range sizes, employing random forest models. We fitted reduced models containing groups of related variables (climatic, spatial, phylogenetic, traits) and combinations of groups to partition the variance explained by these sets into unique and shared components. ResultsThe Brazilian cross-biomes network was composed of 479 plant and 42 hummingbird species, and showed significant modularity. The resulting six modules conformed well to vegetation domains. Only plant traits, not hummingbird traits, differed between modules, notably plants' growth form, corolla length, flower shape and colour. Some modules included plant species with very restricted distributions, whereas others encompassed more widespread ones. Widespread hummingbirds were the most connected, both within and between modules, whereas widespread plants were the most connected between modules. Among traits, only nectar concentration had a weak effect on among-module connectivity. Main conclusionsClimate and spatial filters were the main determinants of module composition for hummingbirds and plants, potentially related to resource seasonality, especially for hummingbirds. Historical dispersal-linked contingency, or environmental variations not accounted for by the explanatory factors here evaluated, could also contribute to the spatial component. Phylogeny and morphological traits had no unique effects on the assignment of species to modules. Widespread species showed higher within- and/or among-module connectivity, indicating their key role connecting biomes, and, in the case of hummingbirds, communities within biomes. Our results indicate that biogeography and climate not only determine the variation of modularity in local plant-animal networks, as previously shown, but also affect the cross-biomes network structure.
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