期刊
GENOME RESEARCH
卷 25, 期 12, 页码 1801-1811出版社
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/gr.192005.115
关键词
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资金
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [AI087658]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [301538, 232519]
- Human Frontiers Science Program [CDA-00025/2012]
- Canada Research Chairs Program [950-228993]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health Research Consortium
- NIH [HG006827]
- Reseau de Medecine Genetique Appliquee (RMGA)
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark thought to be robust to environmental perturbations on a short time scale. Here, we challenge that view by demonstrating that the infection of human dendritic cells (DCs) with a live pathogenic bacteria is associated with rapid and active demethylation at thousands of loci, independent of cell division. We performed an integrated analysis of data on genome-wide DNA methylation, histone mark patterns, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression, before and after infection. We found that infection-induced demethylation rarely occurs at promoter regions and instead localizes to distal enhancer elements, including those that regulate the activation of key immune transcription factors. Active demethylation is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling, including the gain of histone activation marks and increased chromatin accessibility, and is strongly predictive of changes in the expression levels of nearby genes. Collectively, our observations show that active, rapid changes in DNA methylation in enhancers play a previously unappreciated role in regulating the transcriptional response to infection, even in nonproliferating cells.
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