Diffractive focusing optics design at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin

X-ray laser facilities are being constructed all over the world: Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in California, RIKEN X-Ray Free-Electron Laser at SPring-8 in Japan, European XFEL in Germany etc. XFEL is the next-generation (4th) light source. However, the number of such experimental facilities (SRS and FEL) is quite limited. At the same time, relatively small vacuum ultraviolet laboratories with impulse sources [High Harmonic Generators (HHG)] allow one conduct in-house research. This makes the research community directly involved in experiments with time resolution much wider. The latest radiation sources and modern physical experiments require application of the newest diffractive elements. Such diffractive elements are required for implementation of experiments with time resolution using synchrotron radiation sources or high harmonics generators. For example, valence state evolution or molecules dissociation in time-resolved investigation. Modern experiments like this might require implementation of time resolution in femto - (10(-15)) and even atto- (10(-18)) seconds.