Pediatric Brain Gadolinium Deposition in Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Images Is Dependent on the Type of Contrast Agent

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the signal intensity (SI) changes in the dentate nucleus (DN) and the globus pallidus (GP) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images after multiple administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in children and compare those changes between linear and macrocyclic GBCAs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and the requirement for informed consent was waived. We identified 92 children who underwent at least 4 consecutive MR examinations exclusively using either linear GBCA (gadodiamide or gadopentetate dimeglumine, n = 41) or macrocyclic GBCA (gadoterate meglumine, n = 51). Signal intensity ratio changes in the DN to pons and GP to thalamus between the first and last MR examinations were calculated. Results: The SI ratios in the linear group increased significantly between the first and last MR examinations (mean difference: DN to pons, 0.0461 +/- 0.0480, P < 0.001; GP to thalamus, 0.0332 +/- 0.0385, P < 0.001), but not in the macrocyclic group (mean difference: DN to pons, -0.0010 +/- 0.0371, P = 0.855; GP to thalamus, 0.0007 +/- 0.0294, P = 0.867). In the linear regression analysis, the numbers of administrations of gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine were highly associated with the differences in SI ratios (DN to pons, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003; GP to thalamus, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The SIs of the DN and GP on unenhanced T1-weighted images increased after serial administrations of linear GBCA, but not macrocyclic GBCA, in children. The number of linear GBCA administration had a linear association with the SI changes in the DN and GP.