Incorporation of health consciousness into the technology readiness and acceptance model to predict app download and usage intentions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the technology readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) to consider an individual's health consciousness (HC), thereby improving the capability of the model to predict an individual's attitude toward and intention to download and use dietary and fitness apps. Design/methodology/approach A total of 994 participants completed a self-reported online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and (2) difference testing were conducted to compare the predictive capability of the proposed health consciousness TRAM (HC-TRAM) and the TRAM. The comparison of the proposed HC-TRAM in terms of potential and actual users of dietary and fitness apps was also discussed. Findings The results obtained from the HC-TRAM and the TRAM indicate that in addition to technology readiness, HC exerts a positive effect on the perceived ease of use and usefulness of dietary and fitness apps. (2) difference test results indicated that the predictive capability of the proposed HC-TRAM is higher than that of the TRAM. Practical implications The drivers and inhibitors of a person's readiness to embrace modern information technology play roles when predicting his or her intention to download and use dietary and fitness apps. HC should be promoted by encouraging people to eat right and regularly perform appropriate exercise to prevent obesity and overweight, thereby maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Originality/value This study incorporated individual cognitive factors and HC into the TRAM to fill the literature gap and deepen and broaden existing theoretical frameworks of the TRAM in the public health sector.