Biophysical Modeling of In Vivo Glioma Response After Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy in a Murine Model of Brain Cancer

Purpose: To develop and investigate a set of biophysical models based on a mechanically coupled reaction-diffusion model of the spatiotemporal evolution of tumor growth after radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: Post-radiation therapy response is modeled using a cell death model (M-d), a reduced proliferation rate model (M-p), and cell death and reduced proliferation model (M-dp). To evaluate each model, rats (n = 12) with C6 gliomas were imaged with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced MRI at 7 time points over 2 weeks. Rats received either 20 or 40 Gy between the third and fourth imaging time point. Diffusion-weighted MRI was used to estimate tumor cell number within enhancing regions in contrast-enhanced MRI data. Each model was fit to the spatiotemporal evolution of tumor cell number from time point 1 to time point 5 to estimate model parameters. The estimated model parameters were then used to predict tumor growth at the final 2 imaging time points. The model prediction was evaluated by calculating the error in tumor volume estimates, average surface distance, and voxel-based cell number. Results: For both the rats treated with either 20 or 40 Gy, significantly lower error in tumor volume, average surface distance, and voxel-based cell number was observed for the M-dp and M-p models compared with the M-d model. The M-dp model fit, however, had significantly lower sum squared error compared with the M-p and Md models. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that for both doses, the M-p and M-dp models result in accurate predictions of tumor growth, whereas the Md model poorly describes response to radiation therapy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.