Controllable encapsulation of α-mangostin with quaternized β-cyclodextrin grafted chitosan using high shear mixing

In this study, the inclusion complex formation between a-mangostin and water-soluble quaternized beta-CD grafted-chitosan (QCD-g-CS) was investigated. Inclusion complex formation with encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of 5, 15 and 75% can be varied using high speed homogenizer. Tuning %EE plays a role on physicochemical and biological properties of a-mangostin/QCD-g-CS complex. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that alpha-mangostin is included within the hydrophobic beta-CD cavity and being absorbed on the QCD-g-CS surface, with these results being confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Probing the release characteristics of the inclusion complex at various %EE (5%, 15% and 75%) in simulated saliva (pH 6.8) demonstrated that a-mangostin release rates were dependent on % EE (order 5% > 15% > 75%). Additionally, higher antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activities were observed for the inclusion complex than those of free a-mangostin due to enhance the solubility of a-mangostin through the inclusion complex with QCD-g-CS.