期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 19, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071978
关键词
coronary artery disease risk; stroke risk; myocardial infarction; periodontitis; endodontic lesions; chronic inflammation
资金
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Else Kroner-Fresenius Foundation
Oral infections occur frequently in humans and often lead to chronic inflammations affecting the teeth (i.e., caries), the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth (i.e., gingivitis and endodontic lesions), and the tooth-supporting structures (i.e., periodontitis). At least four basic pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed that involve oral inflammations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: (1) low level bacteremia by which oral bacteria enter the blood stream and invade the arterial wall; (2) systemic inflammation induced by inflammatory mediators released from the sites of the oral inflammation into the blood stream; (3) autoimmunity to host proteins caused by the host immune response to specific components of oral pathogens; (4) pro-atherogenic effects resulting from specific bacterial toxins that are produced by oral pathogenic bacteria. In this narrative review, we summarize published experimental evidence related to these four mechanisms and discuss their impact on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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