期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 19, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010261
关键词
liver; miRNAs; acute liver injury; liver toxicity; liver cirrhosis
资金
- German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe) [110043]
- German Cancer Aid (Mildred-Scheel-Professorship)
- German-Research-Foundation [LU 1360/3-1, SFB-TRR57]
- Ernst-Jung-Foundation Hamburg
- medical faculty of the RWTH Aachen
- German Research Foundation [DFG RO 4317/4-1]
- START grant from the medical faculty RWTH Aachen
Both acute and chronic liver toxicity represents a major global health burden and an important cause of morbidity and lethality worldwide. Despite epochal progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections, pharmacological treatment strategies for most liver diseases are still limited and new targets for prevention or treatment of liver disease are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression by targeting whole networks of so called targets. Previous studies have shown that the expression of miRNAs is specifically altered in almost all acute and chronic liver diseases. In this context, it was shown that miRNA can exert causal roles, being pro- or anti-inflammatory, as well as pro- or antifibrotic mediators or being oncogenes as well as tumor suppressor genes. Recent data suggested a potential therapeutic use of miRNAs by targeting different steps in the hepatic pathophysiology. Here, we review the function of miRNAs in the context of acute and chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role of circulating microRNAs in diagnosis of liver diseases and discuss the major challenges and drawbacks that currently prevent the use of miRNAs in clinical routine.
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