期刊
GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
卷 15, 期 1, 页码 74-88出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12265
关键词
Alcohol; anxiety; impulsivity; novelty preference; opiates; psychostimulants; sensation seeking; substance use disorder
资金
- UK Medical Research Council [G9536855, G0701500, G0802729]
- Newton-Cambridge Trust
- Wellcome Trust [WT109738MA, 093875/Z/10/Z]
- Medical Research Council [G1000183]
- Medical Research Council [G0701500, G0802729, G0001354B, G0001354, MR/N02530X/1, G1000183B, G1002231] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G1002231, G0802729, MR/N02530X/1, G1000183, G0701500] Funding Source: UKRI
Drug addiction is widely recognized to afflict some but not all individuals by virtue of underlying risk markers and traits involving multifaceted interactions between polygenic and external factors. Remarkably, only a small proportion of individuals exposed to licit and illicit drugs develop compulsive drug-seeking behavior, maintained in the face of adverse consequences and associated detrimental patterns of drug intake involving extended and repeated bouts of binge intoxication, withdrawal and relapse. As a consequence, research has increasingly endeavored to identify distinctive neurobehavioral mechanisms and endophenotypes that predispose individuals to compulsive drug use. However, research in active drug users is hampered by the difficulty in categorizing putatively causal behavioral traits prior to the initiation of drug use. By contrast, research in experimental animals is often hindered by the validity of approaches used to investigate the neural and psychological mechanisms of compulsive drug-seeking habits in humans. Herein, we survey and discuss the principal findings emanating from preclinical animal research on addiction and highlight how specific behavioral endophenotypes of presumed genetic origin (e.g. trait anxiety, novelty preference and impulsivity) differentially contribute to compulsive forms of drug seeking and taking and, in particular, how these differentiate between different classes of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs of abuse.
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