Appreciation of nature and appreciation of environmental protection: How stable are these attitudes and which comes first?

Introduction. - Attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection are two separate but correlated attitudes. Little is known about the two attitudes' stability/volatility overtime, despite the practical value of such knowledge. Objectives & method. - Using longitudinal survey data from 251 adults in a cross-lagged structural equation model, we assessed the degree of spontaneous (i.e., unprompted) change in the two attitudes. We also considered whether such change could provide evidence regarding causal direction; causation could go in either of two directions between the two attitudes, or it could even be bi-directional. Results. - We corroborated the substantive connection between attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection; however, the absence of change in the attitudes despite the passage of two years disallows reliable statements about causal direction. Conclusion. - It is possible to protect the environment by encouraging appreciation of nature, but change in attitude toward nature and attitude toward environmental protection may be difficult to achieve with mature individuals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.