Modelling impact fracture and fragmentation of laminated glass using the combined finite-discrete element method

Fracture and fragmentation responses of laminated glass under hard body impact are modelled with the combined finite-discrete element method (FEM-DEM). The method is essentially a discrete element method with finite element mesh be embedded in, yielding more accurate contact forces as well as mass and energy conservation. Failure models of glass, interlayer and glass-interlayer interface are discussed respectively and proven to be reliable in simulating the rupture of laminated glass. Numerical examples are presented and validated with results from different sources, and the advantage of the FEM-DEM modelling on the impact failure of laminated glass over its parent FEM and DEM is demonstrated. The influences of Young's modulus of interlayer are further discussed, showing that a stiff resin can effectively improve the deformation performance at little expense of energy absorption. In general, modelling the impact failure of laminated glass using the combined finite-discrete element method is successful.