期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
卷 119, 期 -, 页码 408-417出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.019
关键词
Graphene nanofluids; Non-Newtonian fluids; Thermophysical properties; Friction factor; Nusselt number; Pseudoplastic behavior; Power Law fluids
资金
- Nahrain University
- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of the Republic of Iraq
Study of thermophysical properties and forced convective heat transfer performance and flow characteristics for single layer graphene (GNP) based nanofluids was undertaken. Experimental results reveal that GNP mass fraction increases both the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid. Furthermore, the graphene nanofluid suspensions exhibit a shear thinning behavior, which follows the Power Law viscosity model with a flow behavior index of about 0.938, suggesting particle particle interactions. Experimental results show that inclusion of GNP in the host fluid increases pressure drop by 112-161% at the same flow rates. A new friction factor correlation is proposed for 1 wt% GNP nanofluids flowing through a circular pipe as non-Newtonian fluid. Furthermore, the Nusselt number (Nu) of GNP nanofluids decreases with axial distance at a much slower rate than that of the base fluid (water) due to viscous effect and particle interactions within the nanofluids. In addition, Nu values of GNP nanofluids are higher than for water under laminar flow conditions. Based on the classic Nu model for non Newtonian flow in a uniformly heated circular pipe under laminar flow conditions, a new Nu correlation is proposed for 1 wt% GNP nanofluids, which fits the experimental data well. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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