Sensitivity analysis of convergence characteristics in power flow methods for distribution systems

This paper presents an evaluation of the main convergence characteristics of multiphase power flow methods in unbalanced distribution systems. Two widely used methods for solving unbalanced power flows are analyzed: methods based on Newton-Raphson (NR) and methods based on backward forward sweep (BPS). The limits and robustness of the BFS method and NR method are tested in the following aspects: (i) variation of the X/R ratio, (ii) load's increase up to the convergence limit, (iii) load model impacts (ZIP model), and (iv) voltage regulators modeling impacts. Some models presented in the literature were implemented and tested. Tests are performed on the IEEE 34 and IEEE 123 systems. Analytical explanations are also presented.